{"id":939,"date":"2014-02-24T19:28:16","date_gmt":"2014-02-25T00:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.allergyhome.org\/blogger\/?p=939"},"modified":"2015-05-09T16:48:43","modified_gmt":"2015-05-09T20:48:43","slug":"food-allergy-mortality-the-elephant-in-the-exam-room","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.allergyhome.org\/blogger\/food-allergy-mortality-the-elephant-in-the-exam-room\/","title":{"rendered":"Food Allergy Mortality: The Elephant in the Exam Room"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Elephant in the Exam Room: Food Allergy Mortality<\/strong><\/p>\n

Written by Michael Pistiner, MD, MMSc<\/p>\n

While written for a target audience of healthcare professionals, this post can give parents and others, talking points and things to consider when discussing food allergy management with healthcare teams.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Unfortunately, food allergy mortality, death related to food allergy, continues to occur. We’ve\u00a0watched in agony as headlines report the circumstances of these tragedies and an all too common theme in many of these cases is that no one said that a food allergy could be that serious.<\/i><\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

It is difficult to know how many children with food allergy have been saved each year due to effective food allergy management strategies. Evidence based allergen avoidance strategies, and the timely recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis with epinephrine must be reiterated to all who are responsible for the care of children with food allergy. Health care teams including doctors and nurses,\u00a0must be trained to teach effective food allergy management strategies at the very onset of the allergy, even before seeing an allergist. We must emphasize the identification of patients with potentially life threatening allergies and the effective delivery of food allergy management education.\u00a0Physicians and nurses\u00a0must also be able to impart that unless effective management strategies are put in place, there may be an increased risk of food allergy mortality, the elephant in the examining room.<\/p>\n

Walking the Fine Line: Discussing Food Allergy Mortality<\/b><\/h1>\n

\"A<\/a>The healthcare team must effectively convey the importance of food allergy management while maintaining a delicate balance and not causing unnecessary worry or fear. We ask our patients and their families to do things that sometimes are socially and practically challenging. \u00a0We ask them to make major behavioral modifications because of the potential of an allergic reaction. \u00a0If perceived risk is low, will they adhere to socially and practically challenging interventions? Alternatively, if perceived risk of food allergy mortality is high and unmanageable will they suffer from decreased quality of life, social restriction and anxiety? It’s a fine line and to complicate matters variations in coping may differ from family to family, and within families, from parent to parent and their children.<\/p>\n

Food for thought<\/b>: Might some physicians and nurses\u00a0not understand risk and not realize that food allergies can be life threatening? Alternatively, might some providers know the potential risk but are uncomfortable broaching the topic for fear of creating anxiety?<\/p>\n

Fitting the Elephant in the Pediatric Exam Room: Discussing Food Allergy Mortality<\/b><\/h1>\n

\"Food<\/a>Typically, pediatric and allergy visits occur in the traditional examining room where parents and the child are present. In some cases the kids are young enough that uncensored conversations are not understood and in other cases are at an age that they should be involved in open (but tactfully delivered) conversations about their own management. But for many of our patients, they are still young but can hear and process what the healthcare team is discussing with their parents. If scary words (e.g. ‘deadly’, ‘life-threatening’, etc.) are used while in earshot, then this can set the child’s reality and be frightening.<\/p>\n

Food for thought<\/b>: If the child is present for these conversations, then we must consider what words are being used and must be prepared to have a follow up conversation with the child and answer any questions that they may have. Might the presence of children in the examination room discourage some providers from feeling comfortable having frank conversations about risk and food allergy mortality? If a provider attempts to have such a conversation but use less obvious words and speak in \u201ccode\u201d might their message be missed or misinterpreted by the parents? Might the presence of children in the examination room discourage some parents from asking questions about risk and treatment with epinephrine? \u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Addressing Food Allergy Mortality and Opening Pandora’s Box?<\/b><\/h1>\n

\"Addressing<\/a>The time that\u00a0clinical team members\u00a0have with our patients is limited. \u00a0This is a challenge and frustrating for many in healthcare. \u00a0Visits, that in the perfect world could last an hour, are squeezed into 15 or 20 minutes, sometimes even less. Time during the visit will also need to be devoted to assessment and evaluation, not just family\/patient education. Additionally, in many cases food allergy isn’t the only concern that needs to be addressed. Asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis and others must also be managed and addressed. In general pediatrics there are even more issues that take time and focus. It is important to have a real conversation about the importance of food allergy management, addressing the fact that fatal allergic reactions do occur but that with effective food allergy management strategies are exceedingly rare. Understandably, some parents and patients may be caught off guard, some may have additional questions, others may not seem to register what was just delivered. Once the topic of food allergy mortality is broached, it may take more time to appropriately and positively educate and empower.<\/p>\n

Food for thought<\/b>: Might time constraints influence the initiation of these important discussions?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

Traffic and Food Allergy Mortality Statistics: A Parallel for Perspective<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n

\"Food<\/a>Traffic Accident Mortality:<\/b> For perspective, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (Traffic Safety Facts 2011 Data<\/span><\/a><\/span>), in 2011, 1,140 children under 14 years of age died in traffic accidents. Of these children, 41% were unrestrained. With the preventative measure of child safety seats alone, the NHTSA estimates a reduction in fatal injury of \u00a0close to 70% in infants and 54 % for toddlers in cars. Among children under age 5 in passenger vehicles, restraint use (child safety seats or adult seat belts) saved close to 263 lives in 2011. \u00a0Public awareness and educational initiatives encouraging traffic safety saves lives. Healthcare providers routinely educate about traffic safety measures.\u00a0Take Home Point: Seatbelts and safety seats save lives.<\/i><\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Food Allergy Mortality:<\/b> Boyle and colleagues recently published a study in Clinical and Experimental Allergy, Incidence of fatal food anaphylaxis in people with food allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis<\/span><\/a><\/span>,that estimated the yearly risk of a child age 19 or lower dying from a food allergic reaction to be 3.25 per million person-years. If this rate is applied to the upper range of recent food allergy statistics (6 million US children, based on 8% Prevalence as per Dr. Ruchi Gupta and colleague\u2019s study [Gupta et. al. Pediatrics<\/em>\u00a02011]) we can roughly extrapolate that close to 20 food allergy related deaths (twenty too many) per year occur in the United States in children (6 x 3.3).<\/span> When looking at registries of fatal and near fatal food allergic reactions, there was a delay or lack in the administration of epinephrine in the vast majority of cases (over 85%), meaning that most of these reactions lacked the appropriate emergency response. \u00a0Research supports that delays in treatment with epinephrine increase the chance of death. These registries also reinforce the utter importance of food allergy management strategies including allergen avoidance and emergency preparedness. (Bock SA, Mu\u00f1oz-Furlong A, Sampson HA. J Allergy Clin Immunol<\/em> 2001; 107:191.), (Bock SA, Mu\u00f1oz-Furlong A, Sampson HA. 2001-2006. J Allergy Clin Immunol<\/em> 2007; 119:1016).\u00a0<\/span>Take Home Point: Allergen avoidance strategies and prompt treatment of anaphylaxis with epinephrine can save lives.<\/i><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

See<\/b> <\/b>Food Allergies: A Lot is Riding on Our Tires<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/b>for in depth, parent directed discussion about food allergy mortality.<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Potential Solutions to Challenges in Addressing the Elephant in the Exam Room (Food Allergy Mortality)<\/b><\/p>\n

Focus on WHY we do what we do<\/b><\/em>. When we do things to stay safe, like avoiding accidental exposure and being ready to deal with an allergic emergency ,then we make the chances of something bad happening very, very small. \u00a0Risk of food allergy mortality is higher when management strategies are not consistently implemented. Risk can be mitigated by implementing evidence based practical management strategies. \u00a0People can live well with a food allergy without worry or anxiety.<\/p>\n

Use a team approach. <\/i><\/b>One person cannot do it all. \u00a0Physicians, nurses, and other members of the healthcare team can divide responsibilities and increase the total time that families have for education during their visit.<\/p>\n

Have a safe, comfortable area for kids. <\/i><\/b>If space allows have a physical space where parents can ask questions and have discussions, uncensored and just out of earshot if necessary. \u00a0If resources or space do not allow for this then consider having a member of the team accompany the child while open and uncensored discussions can occur away from the child. Please note that children should play a developmentally appropriate role in food allergy management but at times parents may have strong emotions and unanswered and potentially scary questions. As the children get older and begin to self manage they should become active participants in discussions concerning food allergy management and the importance of effective management skills.<\/p>\n

If there seems to be discomfort or a lack of understanding have the family back for follow up. <\/i><\/b>Carve out additional time to address this issue directly (look into possibility of having parents only and billing by time).<\/p>\n

Discuss additional concerns over the phone. <\/i><\/b>Consider having a follow up phone call to further address issues not thoroughly covered if the visit was time- limited.<\/p>\n

Get comfortable with food allergy management strategies. <\/i><\/b>Physicians and nurses in pediatrics and allergy should strive to know food allergy management strategies cold. With time and repetition, food allergy management strategies can be efficiently delivered.<\/p>\n

Share evidence based resources; encourage use of trusted internet resources and trusted local support groups.<\/i> \u00a0<\/b>While face to face discussions are necessary, count on the fact that learning about food allergy management will continue beyond the walls of the exam room.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

Work to include food allergy management training in health care professionals training programs.\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

RESOURCES FOR FOOD ALLERGY MANAGEMENT TRAINING:<\/h1>\n

1)\u00a0Living Confidently With Food Allergy Handbook<\/a>:\u00a0A free, easy to use, handbook designed to give parents the tools to keep their children with food allergies safe and happy while addressing their emotional needs. This fact based guide was reviewed by internationally recognized food allergy experts. This American and Canadian collaboration was lead by Anaphylaxis Canada and is available online and in PDF.<\/p>\n

2) Food Allergy Management Quick Guide<\/a>:\u00a0This one page handout is a summary\u00a0of essential skills needed to manage food allergies. This resource is a creation of AllergyHome in collaboration with Kids with Food Allergies.<\/p>\n

(Please note that this is for educational purposes only.\u00a0The information provided is not intended to be a replacement or substitute for professional medical advice. Any information that you have received from AllergyHome.org should be verified with a licensed health care provider).<\/p>\n

Acknowledgments:<\/strong> Special thanks to Wayne Shreffler MD, PhD; David Stukus, MD; Jennifer LeBovidge, PhD; Anne F. Russell BSN, RN, AE-C; and Lynda Mitchell\u00a0\u00a0for their thoughtful reviews of this post.<\/em><\/p>\n

Please stay in touch and follow us on Facebook<\/span><\/a> and Twitter<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Elephant in the Exam Room: Food Allergy Mortality Written by Michael Pistiner, MD, MMSc While written for a target audience of healthcare professionals, this post can give parents and others, talking points and things to consider when discussing food allergy management with healthcare teams.\u00a0 Unfortunately, food […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":46,"featured_media":985,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[74,7,103,5,102,10],"class_list":["post-939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-allergyhome-org","tag-anaphylaxis","tag-elephant-in-the-exam-room","tag-food-allergy","tag-food-allergy-mortality","tag-michael-pistiner"],"yoast_head":"\nFood Allergy Mortality: The Elephant in the Exam Room - Blog @ AllergyHome.org<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Food allergy mortality can be an elephant in the exam room. 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